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Time: 32 million years ago Place: African country ethiopia

A 29 -year -old woman was walking away from the family in search of food. There was also a child together. When thirsty, the lake reached the shore to drink water. Suddenly a crocodile made him his victim. This woman named ‘Lucy’ is called the first known mother of humans.

Picture of Lucy in Houston Museum. The 32 million year old woman is seen with her child and group.

Today is International Women’s Day. In today’s Ex -consaller, we will know how Lucy was discovered, how his life was and how it came to know that Lucy is the first mother of humans…

Question-1: What is the theory of monkeys to become humans?

Answer: Geologist Charles Darwin said in the Theory of Evolution on 24 November 1859 that the ancestors of humans were monkeys. Darwin explained that one son of the orange (a species of monkeys) lived on a tree, and the other started living on the ground.

The son living on the ground learned new arts to keep himself alive. He learned to stand, walk on two legs, use two hands. Gradually, they started changing according to the needs. The changes in them started appearing in his next generation. This change did not come in a year or two, but it took millions of years for it.

In order to become a human being from a monkey, two important things happened- humans became bigger than monkeys and humans started walking on two legs instead of four legs. However, what happened before these two did not know.

In the year 1924, a 2. 2.5 million -year -old skull was found in the mine of South Africa, which was small like a monkey. Australian anthropologist Raymond Dart said that this is the skull of a human child and the angle of its spinal cord feels that he was a two -legged person.

It was considered the oldest person until then and this species was named- ‘Australopithchus Africanas’. The reason behind the name was- Raymond being Australian and the scalp in Africa. However, this was not a complete correct answer. The real answer was found in 1974.

Question-2: How was the first mother of humans discovered Lucy?

Answer: In 1970, France’s peliotropologist ie fossilist Morris Tayyab discovered a site in a place called ‘Afar Triangle’ of Ethiopia. Name it ‘Hadar Formation’ and began searching for fossils here. A team of 11 people, including American fossilist Donald Johanson, was engaged in this work.

The area of Hurca in Ethiopia where Lucy’s skeleton found (Photo Source- Arizona State University)

On the morning of 24 November 1974, Johanson came out of his landroor car to create a new map of survey. The day -long tired Johanson chose the way to a nearby trench to go to the distance. Shortly away, he found a piece of one and a half inch right elbow bone.

Professor Johanneson is the director of the ‘Institute of Human Origins’ of Arizona State University. He talks to the history channel and says, “I felt that it would be one of the fossils of the monkey spread there, but when he looked closely, he was shocked and said to Tom- it belongs to the ancestor of man.”

A lower part of a femur i.e. thigh bone was found nearby.

Johanson (Photo Source- Arizona State University) with a piece of femur bone

It was clear from the angle formed by connecting it to the bone below the knee found a year ago, that both these bones were of the same person standing upright on two legs and 32 million years old. That is, even older than Australopithecus Africanus. In this way, Johannes had discovered the oldest person in the world.

Question-3: Why was the 32 million year old woman named Lucy?

Answer: Johanneson’s team received a total of 47 bones under the rocks up to 200 feet depth. One of these pelvis is the pelvic of the body of women, the back of a small skull, some ribs and jaw bones.

Johanson with Lucy’s skeleton in 1975 (Photo Source- ASU)

The camp was celebrated that night. Between alcohol and dancing, Sony’s tape recorder was loudly playing the song ‘Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds’ from the Beatles band.

Johannes has told in his book ‘Lucij Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins’,

My girlfriend Pamela Alderman asked, ‘Why can’t we name it Lucy?’ I wanted to have a scientific name. For example, according to the place where it was found, its technical name was- Al288-1 i.e. Afar Loklity 288, but now it was too late. Everyone started calling him Lucy.

Today, the US and Ethiopia are full of coffee shops named Lucy. However Lucy was named in the language of Ethiopia- Dinkinesh. Which means- ‘You are amazing.’

In the next three weeks, the team got about 40% bones of Lucy’s entire skeleton.

Question-4: How was the life of Lucy era?

Answer: Researchers have found many interesting things about the life of Lucy era…

Babysitter helped to produce children: Researchers believe that Lucy lived in a group of about 15 to 20 males and females. Lucy’s skeleton suggests that she could give birth to children. However, due to the pelvic area being small, it was not easy to give birth to the child. It may be that the babysitter of the time of the time has helped Lucy to produce a child.

Men used to breed with the same woman: The men of Lucy were also not bigger than women. According to scientists, at that time the men were monogamus (breeding from the same woman).

Lucy and his partner’s replica placed in the American Museum of History.

Humans of Lucy were cared for each other: According to Johananson, most of the Lucy species would have been spent in avoiding becoming a victim of other animals. He says, ‘These small creatures were great food for animals like big cats and hyena. They supported each other. Especially when there was a danger.

People used to help each other: A male skeleton was found in Ethiopia itself. Which was named ‘Kadanumuu’. Its leg was broken, which was completely cured while dying. According to another fossilist Jeremy Disilva, ‘If the partner does not help you, then you cannot live without a doctor and crutches. Kadanumuu is a strong evidence that they did not leave each other to die.

Question-5: How did it come to know that Lucy can be the first mother of humans?

Answer: Lucy’s skull was small like a monkey and about one-third of today’s human being, but she used to walk on two legs. This made it clear that in the process of becoming a human to human being, we learned to walk on two legs. After that our brain developed.

Lucy, Chimpanji Monkey and today’s human skeleton (left to right), photo source- Elucy.org)

Before the discovery of Lucy, it was believed that ‘Hominids’ (ie early monkeys) became a monkey from a monkey about 1.5 million years ago. These humans of the Ramapithikus species were considered the earliest ancestors of man.

Ramapithikus later divided into ‘Australopithchus Africanas’ and Homonins species (ie the ancestors of humans).

The Australopithacus species disappeared and Homonins species developed further and became today’s human beings.

Johananson also initially considered Lucy a member of Australopithecus Africanus. However, in January 1979, based on bones like Lucy found in Ethiopia and Tanzania, Johanson claimed that Lucy is a new species in the order of human evolution. It was named- ‘Australopithchus Affarancy’.

According to Johananson, the process of becoming a monkey from a monkey took place not at the time of Ramapithikus 1.5 million years ago, but later at the time of Lucy species took place 60 lakh to 80 million years ago. In this way, ‘Australopithecus Affarancy’ was considered the first ancestor of humans in place of Ramapithikus. This is the same recognition even today. The same month after Johanson’s claim, Time magazine published Lucy as a celebrity on the front page.

In 2013, a strong jaw was found in Hadar itself, which did not match any species. This species of just 2 lakh years from Lucy was called ‘Australopithecus Robustas’. Its jaw is seen from the front of the species of Lucy, while from behind the species of ancestors of Homo Sapans. This connected today’s human being to the luxury.

Question-6: How did Lucy die?

Answer: Lucy’s death has two theories…

1. Death due to bite of an animal like crocodile

According to Johananson, the species of Lucy lived on the trees by building a nest. These small animals, birds, turtle eggs or deer, which were slowly running on two legs, eaten, whatever came in hand.

Johanson found a tooth mark of a carnivorous animal around Lucy’s pelvic bone. Johananson says, ‘Lucy species was hunted. Lucy came out in search of food or water in the morning. An animal like crocodile on the banks of the lake would have attacked him.

A picture made of designer Brigid Slinger, in which Lucy is shown to break the fruit from the tree on the side of the lake, during which a crocodile is moving towards him.

2. Death due to falling down tree

According to a research by anthropologist John Cappaleman, printed in Nature magazine,

In 2016, CT scan and 3D imaging of Lucy skeleton were performed. He had fractures in his right shoulders, ribs and knees. It was different from the fracture caused by being buried in stones for millions of years. Lucy fractured due to falling from there while searching for food on a very high altitude tree. I don’t think she was alive for long.

Lucy’s 3D imaging, in which Cappaleman showed that Lucy’s foot bones, spinal cord and then head bones were broken when they fell from the tree. (Photo Source- Nature)

In the last five decades, old human bones have been found in Africa than Lucy. The history of a species Australopithecus Enamesees is 44 million years old. Some scientists say that they have also found pieces of 70 million years old bones.

According to Johananson, even though Lucy is no longer our eldest mother, she is definitely the link between two major branches of humans- extinct Australopithecus and modern homosepses.

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