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- Health News Every Year Millions Of People Fall Ill Due To Nosocomial Infection
3 minutes agoAuthor: Shivakant Shukla
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When we fall ill, we go to the hospital to get treatment. But what if we catch some new disease in the hospital? Yes, this is possible. Even after being admitted to the hospital, we may fall prey to some new disease.
In medical language it is called nosocomial infection. It is also called HAI (Healthcare Associated Infection). This means infection caused by hospitals. Although it can affect anyone – patient, doctor or caretaker, but mainly those people whose immunity is weak become its victims.
so today medical certificate In this we will talk about nosocomial infections spreading from hospitals. You will also learn that-
- What are the symptoms of nosocomial infection?
- How many types of infections can there be?
- What is the way to prevent this?
Expert: Dr. Sheetal Verma, Professor, Clinical Microbiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow
What is nosocomial infection?
This is an infection that can occur in the hospital while you are undergoing treatment for any disease. These infections can cause serious and sometimes even life-threatening conditions. The risk of HAI continues after arrival at the hospital, 48 hours after hospitalization, three days after discharge from the hospital or surgical center, and thirty days after any surgical procedure.
This infection spreads among people through bacteria, virus and fungus. It engulfs the person within 48 hours. If it is not treated on time, it can also cause serious health issues.
However, most HAIs can be avoided. For this, it is very important to follow safety measures by the medical teams, the patient and their caretaker.
Nosocomial infection statistics
According to a report published in the National Library of Medicine, about 10 to 20% of patients admitted to hospitals in India get nosocomial infections. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 14 lakh people around the world suffer from it all the time. According to a survey conducted by WHO in 55 hospitals in 14 countries, an average of 8.7% of hospitalized patients suffer from nosocomial infections. Studies show that the infection rate in intensive care units (ICU) is 11-25%.
According to a study by the National Library of Medicine, every year 13.6 million people worldwide become victims of Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI), of which 52 million cases come from China, 10 million from Pakistan and about 9 million from India.
How many types of nosocomial infections are there?
There are many types of healthcare associated infections and there can be many reasons for their occurrence.
- C. diff infection: It causes diarrhea and colitis. In this, more than 16% people get a second infection within two to eight weeks.
- Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI): 32% of HAI cases are related to CAUTI. This may be due to prolonged use of a urinary catheter.
- Central Line-Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI): 14% of HAI cases are related to blood stream infection. This occurs in people who require a central venous catheter. Doctors insert a central venous catheter into a vein near the heart so they can give the patient medicines and take blood without an injection. This infection spreads through this.
- MRSA: This is a type of bacterial infection. In this, even strong antibiotics like penicillin, amoxicillin and methicillin become ineffective on the patient.
- Surgical Site Infection (SSI): Surgical site infections account for approximately 22% of all HAIs. These infections occur in surgical areas, injection or wound sites. These can affect body organs as well as surgical implants such as pacemakers or artificial joints.
- Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP): Ventilator-related infections account for 15% of HAIs. When a patient is on a ventilator and is unable to breathe on his own, a breathing machine is installed to provide him breathing. This infection occurs when germs enter the lungs through the respiratory tract.
How are nosocomial infections spread?
Nosocomial infections can spread through a person’s sneezing, coughing or spitting. This can also happen when healthcare providers do not follow proper infection control procedures. Healthcare providers can diagnose a person with an HAI when the initial symptoms are a skin rash or burning and itching around the surgical area.
Symptoms of nosocomial infection
People with HAIs may develop different symptoms depending on the type of infection. There are some common symptoms of nosocomial infection, see the graphic below-
What are the risk factors for nosocomial infection?
A risk factor is something that increases the chance of getting a disease. You are more likely to have a nosocomial infection if your treatment includes any of the things listed in the graphic below.
These diseases can occur due to nosocomial infection
The illnesses caused by an HAI depend on its type and severity. The graphic below outlines some potential complications of HAI.
How can nosocomial infections be avoided?
Dr. Sheetal Verma says that nosocomial infections can be prevented through effective control measures. For this, along with the doctor, the patient and his caretaker also need to be aware. Do not go to the hospital without a mask, maintain proper distance from people, change your clothes immediately after coming from the hospital and if possible take a bath. Use sanitizer. Nosocomial infections can be avoided with some such safety measures.
We cannot prevent hospital infections, but we can take the following steps to reduce their risk to a great extent. See this in the graphic below-
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